Water by C. V. Raman/ rbse/ question- answer

Chapter 1

Water                                                                                                                                                                   C. V. Raman

 

Answer the following questions. It should not exceed 20-30 words each:

 

Q. 1. How was Egypt made by the river Nile?

नील नदी द्वारा मिस्र का निर्माण कैसे किया गया था?

Ans. River Nile brought the soil of the valley as the finest silt from Abyssinia and Central Africa and deposited in the trough. This fertile valley proved a boon and it made the civilization of Egypt. Thus Egypt was made.

नील अबीसीनिया तथा मध्य अफ्रीका से बारीक गाद के रूप में घाटी की मिट्टी लाई थी और उसे गर्त में जमा कर ददिया। यह उपजाऊ घाटी वरदान सिद्ध हुई और इसने मिस्र की सभ्यता का निर्माण किया। इस प्रकार मिस्र का निर्माण हुआ।

  Q. 2. What made the wonderful differences between the Libyan Desert and the valley of the Nile?

लवियन मरुस्थल तथा नील घाटी के बीच किसने आश्चर्यजनक अन्तर किया?

Ans.. It was the presence and absence of the water of the river Nile that made the wonderful differences between the Libyan Desert and the valley of the Nile

यह नील नदी के जल की उपस्थिति और अनुपस्थिति थी जिसने लोवियन मरुस्थल तथा नील घाटी के योच आश्चर्यजनक अन्तर किया।

Q. 3. How does water add to the beauty of the countryside?

      देहात के सौन्दर्य में जल कैसे अभिवृद्धि करता है?

Ans. Water adds to the beauty of the countryside when it trickles over the rocks as a little stream or when it quenches thirst of cattle as a wayside little pond.

      देहात के सौन्दर्य में जल अभिवृद्धि कर देता है जब यह एक छोटी नदी के रूप में चट्टानों के ऊपर से धीरे-धीरे बहता है या एक रास्ते पर एक तालाब के रूप में मवेशियों की प्यास बुझाता है।

Q. 4. What role do water tanks play in South Indian agriculture?

दक्षिण भारतीय कृषि में तालाबों का जल क्या भूमिका निभाता है?

Ans. Water tanks play a vital role in South Indian agriculture. In Mysore much of the rice is grown in them. It is beautiful to see sunrise or sunset over one of them.

तालाबों का जल दक्षिण भारतीय कृषि में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। मैसूर में अधिकतर चावल तालाबों के आस-पास हो उगाया जाता है।इनसे सुर्योदय और सूर्यास्त का दृश्य देखना अति सुन्दर होता है ।

Q.5. Describe the formation of silt by river water

नदी जल द्वारा गाद के निर्माण का वर्णन कीजिए।

Ans. River water carries with it the earth of the catchment area. The finest particles remain floating within the liquid. Thus, the silt is formed.

नदी जल अपने साथ अपने आसपास की मिट्टी को वहा ले जाता है। बारीक कण इस द्रव के अन्दर बहते रहते हैं। इस प्रकार गाद का निर्माण होता है।

Q. 6. What are the successive steps in the process of soil erosion?

भूमि कटाव की प्रक्रिया के क्रमबद्ध चरण क्या है?

Ans. Removal of the protective coat of vegetation, the absence of any checks, the slope of the earth, cutting up and washing away of the earth are the successive steps.

वनस्पति की रक्षा परत का विनाशरुकावटों का  होनाजमीन का बलवा होनाजमीन का कटना  बह जाना इसके क्रमबद्ध चरण हैं।

Q. 7. What are the various measures suggested to check soil erosion?

भूमि कटाव को नियन्त्रित करने के लिए विभिन्न उपाय क्या है?

Ans. Terracing of land, construction of bunds, practice of contour cultivation and planting of appropriate types of vegetation are the various measures suggested to check soil erosion.

      जमीन को सीढ़ीदार बनानाबांधों का निर्माण करनासमोच्च खेती का अभ्यास करना तथा उपयुक्त प्रकारों की वनस्पति का रोपण करना वे विभिन्न उपाय है जो भूमि कटाव को नियन्त्रित करने के लिए सुझाये गए हैं।

D. Answer to the following questions should not exceed 60-80 words each:

 

Q. I. Why does the writer compare water with elixir?

लेखकजल की तुलना अमृत से क्यों करता है?

Ans.. The writer compares water with elixir because ancient civilizations were nurtured by water. It has shaped the course of the earth's history. It is an important player for the drama of life on earth. It adds much to the beauty of the countryside. Water is the basis of all life. It gives life to all animals and plants on the earth. It has amazing powers. Life cannot be imagined without water. The conservation and utilization of water is thus fundamental for human welfare.

      लेखकजल की तुलना अमृत से करता है क्योंकि प्राचीन सभ्यताओं का पोषण जल द्वारा हुआ है। इसने पृथ्वी के इतिहास की दिशा को निर्धारित किया है। पृथ्वी पर जीवन रूपी नाटक में यह एक महत्त्वपूर्ण खिलाड़ी। पता है। यह देहात क्षेत्र की सुंदरता में बहुत कुछ जोड़ता है। जल समस्त जीवन का आधार है। यह पृथ्वी के सभी जानवरों एवं पौधों को जीवन देता है। इसकी शक्तियाँ आश्चर्यजनक हैं। बिना जल के जीवन की कल्पना असम्भव है। इस प्रकार मानव कल्याण के लिए जल का संरक्षण  प्रयोग आधारभूत है।

Q. 2. Why is water conservation necessary for our country?

हमारे राष्ट्र के लिए जल संरक्षण क्यों आवश्यक है?

Ans. Water conservation is necessary for our country because no life on earth is possible without water. No moisture in earth is possible without water. No agriculture is possible without water. No growth of life is possible without water. No kind of physiological activity is possible without water. It makes the development of hydro-electric power possible. It serves several other subsidiary purposes as well. Thus the conservation and the utilization of water is fundamental for human welfare.

      हमारे राष्ट्र के लिए जल संरक्षण आवश्यक है क्योंकि जल के अभाव में पृथ्वी पर जीवन सम्भव नहीं है। जमीन में नमी जल के बिना सम्भव नहीं है। जल के बिना कृषि सम्भव नहीं है जीवन में अभिवृद्धि जल के बिना सम्भव नहीं है। जल के बिना कोई भी शारीरिक गतिविधि सम्भव नहीं है।यह हाइड्रो-इलेक्ट्रिक पॉवर के उत्पादन को संभव बनता है। यह कई अन्य सहायक उद्देश्यों की पूर्ती भी करता है।अतमानव कल्याण के लिए जल का संरक्षण  प्रयोगआधारभूत आवश्यकता है।

 

Q. 3. Water is the basis of life. Elaborate with reference to human, animal and plant life.

जल जीवन का आधार है। मानवजानवर तथा पादप जीवन के सन्दर्भ में विवेचना कीजिए।

Ans. Every human needs water for drinking, bathing and washing. No kind of physiological activity is possible without water. Human body contains a substantial proportion of free or combined water. Every animal needs water for drinking. Water is the basis of life for aquatic animals. Animals need water for physiological activity. Plants need water for their life and growth. Agriculture fully depends on water. Moisture in the soil is due to water.

      प्रत्येक मानव को पीनेनहाने  धोने के लिए जल की आवश्यकता होती है। जल के बिना कोई भी शारीरिक गतिविधि सम्भव नहीं है। मानव शरीर में मुक्त या मिश्रित जल का एक अच्छा-खासा प्रतिशत होता है। प्रत्येक जानवर को पीने के लिए जल को आवश्यकता होती है। जलौय जानवरों के लिए तो जल जीवन का आधार है। शारीरिक गतिविधि के लिए भी जानवरों को जल की आवश्यकता होती है। पादपों को भी अपने जीवन  अभिवृद्धि के लिए जल की आवश्यकता होती है। कृषि तो पूर्णतजल पर निर्भर है। मिट्टी में नमीजल द्वारा ही दी जाती है।

Q. 4. What are the major uses of water for the development of modern age?

आधुनिक युग के विकास के लिए जल के प्रमुख प्रयोग क्या-क्या है?

Ans. The following are the major uses of water for the development of modern age. It is used for generating hydro-electricity, irrigating agricultural fields and farms, making available safe drinking water to people, developing the internal waterways, maintaining underground water level and so on. It is used for maintaining human, animal and plant life. It is used for water sports, entertainment and international trade. The availability of water can decide the economy of any place. Tapping the underground water can help overcome the difficulties arising from the irregularity or iadequacy of other sources of supply.

      आधुनिक युग के विकास के लिए जल के प्रमुख प्रयोग निम्न हैं इसका प्रयोग जल-विद्युत के उत्पादन मेंकृषि खेतों तथा फासं की सिंचाई मेंलोगों को सुरक्षित पेयजल उपलका कराने मेंसस्ते आन्तरिक जल-मार्गों के विकसित करने मेंभूमिगत जल स्तर बनाए रखने आदि में होता है। मानवजानवर  पादप जीवन को बनाए रखने में इसका प्रयोग होता हैI जलखेलोंमनोरंजन तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार में इसका प्रयोग होता है।


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